FPTAN — Partial Tangent

Opcode	Instruction	64-Bit Mode	Compat/Leg Mode	Description
D9 F2	FPTAN	Valid	Valid	Replace ST(0) with its approximate tangent and push 1 onto the FPU stack.

Description ¶

Computes the approximate tangent of the source operand in register ST(0), stores the result in ST(0), and pushes a 1.0 onto the FPU register stack. The source operand must be given in radians and must be less than ±2⁶³. The following table shows the unmasked results obtained when computing the partial tangent of various classes of numbers, assuming that underflow does not occur.

ST(0) SRC	ST(0) DEST
−∞	*
−F	− F to + F
−0	-0
+0	+0
+F	− F to + F
+∞	*
NaN	NaN

Table 3-33. FPTAN Results

F Means finite floating-point value.

* Indicatesfloating-pointinvalid-arithmetic-operand(#IA)exception.

If the source operand is outside the acceptable range, the C2 flag in the FPU status word is set, and the value in register ST(0) remains unchanged. The instruction does not raise an exception when the source operand is out of range. It is up to the program to check the C2 flag for out-of-range conditions. Source values outside the range − 2⁶³ to +2⁶³ can be reduced to the range of the instruction by subtracting an appropriate integer multiple of 2π. However, even within the range -2⁶³ to +2⁶³, inaccurate results can occur because the finite approximation of π used internally for argument reduction is not sufficient in all cases. Therefore, for accurate results it is safe to apply FPTAN only to arguments reduced accurately in software, to a value smaller in absolute value than 3π/8. See the sections titled “Approximation of Pi” and “Transcendental Instruction Accuracy” in Chapter 8 of the Intel^® 64 and IA-32 Architectures Software Developer’s Manual, Volume 1, for a discussion of the proper value to use for π in performing such reductions.

The value 1.0 is pushed onto the register stack after the tangent has been computed to maintain compatibility with the Intel 8087 and Intel287 math coprocessors. This operation also simplifies the calculation of other trigonometric functions. For instance, the cotangent (which is the reciprocal of the tangent) can be computed by executing a FDIVR instruction after the FPTAN instruction.

This instruction’s operation is the same in non-64-bit modes and 64-bit mode.

Operation ¶

IF ST(0) < 263
    THEN
        C2 := 0;
        ST(0) := fptan(ST(0)); // approximation of tan
        TOP := TOP − 1;
        ST(0) := 1.0;
    ELSE (* Source operand is out-of-range *)
        C2 := 1;
FI;

FPU Flags Affected ¶

C1	Set to 0 if stack underflow occurred; set to 1 if stack overflow occurred.
	Set if result was rounded up; cleared otherwise.
	Set to 1 if outside range (−263 < source operand < +263); otherwise, set to 0.
C2
C0, C3	Undefined.

Floating-Point Exceptions ¶

#IS	Stack underflow or overflow occurred.
#IA	Source operand is an SNaN value, ∞, or unsupported format.
#D	Source operand is a denormal value.
#U	Result is too small for destination format.
#P	Value cannot be represented exactly in destination format.

Protected Mode Exceptions ¶

#NM	CR0.EM[bit 2] or CR0.TS[bit 3] = 1.
#MF	If there is a pending x87 FPU exception.
#UD	If the LOCK prefix is used.

Real-Address Mode Exceptions ¶

Same exceptions as in protected mode.

Virtual-8086 Mode Exceptions ¶

Same exceptions as in protected mode.

Compatibility Mode Exceptions ¶

Same exceptions as in protected mode.

64-Bit Mode Exceptions ¶

Same exceptions as in protected mode.